Understanding Hip Impingement

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a condition that affects the hip joint and is increasingly being recognized in both young and active individuals. In this blog post, we’ll explore what FAI is, how it affects the hip, common symptoms, and the treatment options available—from physical therapy to surgery.

What Is FAI?

FAI happens when there is abnormal bone growth on either side of the hip joint. Specifically, it involves:

• The femur (thigh bone): Abnormal bone formation on the head or neck of the femur.

• The acetabulum (hip socket): Irregularities in the socket can also contribute to the problem.

This abnormal growth causes the bones to come into contact during movement, resulting in a pinching or impingement that restricts the range of motion and causes discomfort or pain.

Recognizing the Signs

Common Symptoms

People with FAI typically experience:

• Groin pain: Often the primary site of discomfort.

• Hip crease pain: Sensations that intensify when sitting or bending.

• Pain radiating to the side: In some cases, the pain may extend along the lateral hip area.

Who Is at Risk?

Although FAI can affect anyone, it often appears in:

• Younger populations: Individuals as early as age 14 may experience symptoms.

• Active adults: Those engaged in sports or regular physical activity.

• People into their 30s and early 40s: Even with higher activity levels, degeneration may start to set in.

When Should You See a Specialist?

If you’re experiencing persistent hip pain, especially if it interferes with daily activities like walking, sitting, or any regular movement, it might be time to consult a specialist. Early evaluation can help:

• Prevent further damage.

• Pinpoint the root cause of your discomfort.

• Guide you towards appropriate treatment options.

How Is FAI Diagnosed?

Diagnosis usually involves a combination of the following approaches:

Physical Examination

A thorough exam focuses on:

• Testing your range of motion.

• Conducting specific movements that might reproduce the pain.

Imaging Techniques

Common imaging tests include:

• X-rays or MRI scans: These help visualize the abnormal bone structures.

Diagnostic Injections

When it’s unclear whether the hip joint is the source of pain:

• An injection (guided by ultrasound or X-ray) may be administered into the hip joint.

• Positive response: Relief from pain suggests that the joint is indeed the source, confirming the diagnosis.

• No relief: Indicates that further evaluation (perhaps of the spine or another nearby structure) is required.

Treatment Options for FAI

Non-Surgical Treatments

Rehab at the clinic

Physical therapy is often the first step in treating FAI. A tailored program may include:

• Stretching exercises: To reduce muscle tightness around the hip.

• Strengthening routines: To build up the muscles that support the joint.

• Movement modification: To improve joint mechanics and reduce impingement.

Medications and Rest

Other non-operative measures include:

• Anti-inflammatory medications: Such as ibuprofen, which can help reduce swelling.

• Pain relievers: Like Tylenol to manage discomfort.

• Rest: Allowing the joint some time to recover from overuse.

Injections

For cases where the diagnosis is uncertain or if non-surgical treatments aren’t sufficient:

• Corticosteroid injections: These can help reduce inflammation and provide temporary relief, serving as both a therapeutic measure and a diagnostic tool.

Surgical Treatment

When non-surgical treatments fail to alleviate the symptoms, surgery may be considered. The most common surgical option is:

Hip Arthroscopy

This minimally invasive procedure involves:

• Making small incisions (poke holes) around the hip.

• Inserting a small camera (arthroscope) and specialized tools.

• Bone reshaping: To remove the areas of abnormal bone growth.

• Repair: Addressing any damage to cartilage or the labrum.

The primary goal of surgery is to relieve pain and help you return to the activities you love. Clinical evidence supports the effectiveness of this procedure in reducing symptoms and improving function.

Final Thoughts

Femoroacetabular impingement is a condition that can significantly affect your quality of life if left untreated. Recognizing the symptoms early and seeking a proper diagnosis is essential. While physical therapy and conservative management often work well, surgery has proven to be an effective option for those who don't find relief through non-operative treatments.

If you're experiencing consistent hip pain that hinders your daily activities, consider reaching out to a specialist. Early intervention can make a significant difference, helping you stay active and pain-free.

We hope you found this overview helpful. Have you or someone you know struggled with hip pain? Share your experiences or questions in the comments below. Your feedback helps us create more content that addresses your concerns and educates our community on topics that matter.